A PLATFORM FOR DETECTION AND RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS AMONG MULTIPLE NORMS IN MAS (MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS)

Autores

  • Eduardo Augusto Silvestre IFTM
  • Viviane Torres da Silva IBM Research
  • Oscar da Silva da Silva IFTM
  • Luccas Felippe Oliveira IFTM
  • Wendler Souza Ramos

Palavras-chave:

multi-agent system, norm, conflict, conflict detection, conflict resolution

Resumo

In open MAS, norms are being used to regulate the behavior of the autonomous, heterogeneous and independently designed agents. Norms describe the behavior that can be performed, must be performed, and cannot be performed in the system. One of the main challenges on developing normative systems is that norms may conflict with each other. Norms are in conflict when the fulfillment of one norm violates the other and vice-versa. In previous works, the conflict checkers consider that conflicts can be detected by simply analyzing pairs of norms. However, there may be conflicts that can only be detected when we analyze several norms together. This work present a complete approach for conflict detection and conflict resolution among pairs and multiple norms. The approach for conflict detection is divided into three steps in order to smooth the computational since the problem is intrinsically exponential (SHOHAM; TENNENHOLTZ, 1995). The approach for conflict resolution apply famous strategies found in literature to rewrite or remove conflicting norms. The paper describes a tool, named MuNoCC (Multiple Norms Conflict Checker Tool), that integrate different screens for conflict detection and resolution.  This approach works as a basis to assist MAS literature, defining norms formally, checking conflicts among pairs and multiple norms and resolving the conflicts found.

Biografia do Autor

Eduardo Augusto Silvestre, IFTM

Possui graduação em Bacharelado em Ciência da Computação pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (2008), especialização em Governança de TI pela Universidade Federal de Lavras (2010), mestrado em Ciência da Computação pela Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (2012) e doutorado em Computação pela Universidade Federal Fluminense (2017). Atualmente é professor do ensino bás., téc. e tecnológico do Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro. Tem experiência na área de Ciência da Computação, com ênfase em Engenharia de Software

Referências

BEIRLAEN, M.; STRAßER, C.; MEHEUS, J. An Inconsistency-Adaptive Deontic Logic for Normative Conflicts. Journal of Philosophical Logic, v. 42, n. 2, p. 285–315, 2013.

BORST, W. N.; BORST, W. N. Construction of Engineering Ontologies for Knowledge Sharing and Reuse. Netherlands: University of Twente, 1997.

CHOLVY, L.; CUPPENS, F. Solving Normative Conflicts by Merging Roles. Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Law. Anais...: ICAIL ’95.New York, NY, USA: ACM, 1995

CZELAKOWSKI, J. Freedom and Enforcement in Action: A Study in Formal Action Theory. [s.l.] Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2015.

DA SILVA FIGUEIREDO, K.; DA SILVA, V. T.; DE OLIVEIRA BRAGA, C. Modeling Norms in Multi-agent Systems with NormML. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems. Anais...: COIN@AAMAS’10.Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2011

DA SILVA, V. T. From the specification to the implementation of norms: an automatic approach to generate rules from norms to govern the behavior of agents. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, v. 17, n. 1, p. 113–155, 2008.

DA SILVA, V. T.; ZAHN, J. Normative Conflicts that Depend on the Domain. Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems {IX} - {COIN} 2013 International Workshops, COIN@AAMAS, St. Paul, MN, USA, May 6, 2013, COIN@PRIMA, Dunedin, New Zealand, December 3, 2013, Revised Selected Papers. Anais...2013

ELHAG, A. A. O.; BREUKER, J. A.; BROUWER, B. W. On the Formal Analysis of Normative Conflicts. (H. J. van den Herik et al., Ed.)JURIX 1999: The Twelfth Annual Conference. Anais...: Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications.Nijmegen: GNI, 1999

GARCÍA-CAMINO, A.; NORIEGA, P.; RODRÍGUEZ-AGUILAR, J.-A. An Algorithm for Conflict Resolution in Regulated Compound Activities. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Engineering Societies in the Agents World VII. Anais...: ESAW’06.Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 2007

GARY T. LEAVENS ERIK POLL, C. C. Y. C. C. R. D. C. P. M. J. K. P. C. D. M. Z.; DIETL, W. JML Reference Manual. [s.l: s.n.].

GOVERNATORI, G.; ROTOLO, A. Justice Delayed Is Justice Denied: Logics for a Temporal Account of Reparations and Legal Compliance. In: LEITE, J. et al. (Eds.). . Computational Logic in Multi-Agent Systems. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. [s.l.] Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. v. 6814p. 364–382.

HERMIT, O. HermiT Reasoner. URL: http://www. hermit-reasoner. com, 2016.

KAGAL, L.; FININ, T. Modeling conversation policies using permissions and obligations. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, v. 14, n. 2, p. 187–206, 2007.

KOLLINGBAUM, M. et al. Norm Conflicts and Inconsistencies in Virtual Organisations. In: NORIEGA, P. et al. (Eds.). . Coordination, Organizations, Institutions, and Norms in Agent Systems II. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. [s.l.] Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. v. 4386p. 245–258.

KOLLINGBAUM, M.; NORMAN, T. Strategies for resolving norm conflict in practical reasoning. ECAI Workshop Coordination in Emergent Agent Societies 2004, 2004.

LEITE, J. A.; ALFERES, J. J.; PEREIRA, L. M. Multi-dimensional Dynamic Knowledge Representation. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Logic Programming and Nonmonotonic Reasoning. Anais...: LPNMR ’01.London, UK, UK: Springer-Verlag, 2001

LOPES CARDOSO, H.; OLIVEIRA, E. Norm Defeasibility in an Institutional Normative Framework. Proceedings of the 2008 Conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Anais...Amsterdam, The Netherlands, The Netherlands: IOS Press, 2008

MCNAMARA, P. Deontic Logic. In: ZALTA, E. N. (Ed.). . The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Winter 201 ed. [s.l: s.n.].

MOFFETT, J. D.; SLOMAN, M. S. Policy conflict analysis in distributed system management. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, v. 4, n. 1, p. 1–22, 1994.

MORALES, J. et al. Minimality and Simplicity in the On-line Automated Synthesis of Normative Systems. : AAMAS ’14.Paris, France: IFAAMAS, 2014

MUSEN, M. A. The ProtÉGÉ Project: A Look Back and a Look Forward. AI Matters, v. 1, n. 4, p. 4–12, jun. 2015.

OLIVEIRA, L. F.; SILVESTRE, E. A.; SILVA, V. T. DA. Um compilador para definição e geração de normas em sistemas multiagentes. Revista Inova Ciência & Tecnologia, 2017.

OREN, N. et al. An argumentation inspired heuristic for resolving normative conflict. 2008.

SANTOS, J. S. et al. Detection and resolution of normative conflicts in multi-agent systems: a literature survey. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, p. 1–47, 2017.

SHOHAM, Y.; TENNENHOLTZ, M. On social laws for artificial agent societies: off-line design. Artificial Intelligence, v. 73, n. 1–2, p. 231–252, 1995.

SILVESTRE, E. A. Verificaçãoo de Conflitos entre Múltiplas Normas em Sistemas Multiagentes. [s.l.] Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2017.

SILVESTRE, E. A.; DA SILVA, V. T. Verifying Conflicts Between Multiple Norms in Multi-agent Systems. Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, {AAMAS} 2015, Istanbul, Turkey, May 4-8, 2015. Anais...2015Disponível em: <http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2773552>

SILVESTRE, E. A.; DA SILVA, V. T. Verifying Conflicts Among Multiple Norms in Multi-agent Systems: (Extended Abstract). Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Autonomous Agents & Multiagent Systems. Anais...: AAMAS ’16.Richland, SC: International Foundation for Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems, 2016aDisponível em: <http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2936924.2937171>

SILVESTRE, E. A.; DA SILVA, V. T. An Approach to Verify Conflicts among Multiple Norms in Multi-agent Systems. 2016 {IEEE/WIC/ACM} International Conference on Web Intelligence, {WI} 2016, Omaha, NE, USA, October 13-16, 2016. Anais...2016bDisponível em: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WI.2016.0058>

TRYPUZ, R. Krister Segerberg on Logic of Actions. [s.l.] Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2013.

VASCONCELOS, W. W.; KOLLINGBAUM, M. J.; NORMAN, T. J. Normative conflict resolution in multi-agent systems. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems, v. 19, n. 2, p. 124–152, 2009.

VON WRIGHT, G. H. Deontic Logic. Mind, v. 60, n. 237, p. 1–15, 1951.

WOOLDRIDGE, M. An Introduction to MultiAgent Systems. 2nd. ed. [s.l.] Wiley Publishing, 2009.

Downloads

Publicado

30-04-2019

Como Citar

Silvestre, E. A., da Silva, V. T., da Silva, O. da S., Oliveira, L. F., & Ramos, W. S. (2019). A PLATFORM FOR DETECTION AND RESOLUTION OF CONFLICTS AMONG MULTIPLE NORMS IN MAS (MULTI-AGENT SYSTEMS). Revista Inova Ciência & Tecnologia / Innovative Science & Technology Journal, 5(2), 74–83. Recuperado de https://periodicos.iftm.edu.br/index.php/inova/article/view/511

Edição

Seção

Ciências Exatas e da Terra - Ciência da Computação